Acid Reflux – Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This can cause a range of symptoms, including heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation of food or acid. Causes: There are several factors that can contribute to acid reflux, including: 1. Weak esophageal sphincter: The esophageal sphincter is a muscular ring at the bottom of the esophagus that normally keeps stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus. If this sphincter is weak or relaxed, stomach acid can reflux into the esophagus. 2. Hiatal hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. This can weaken the esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of acid reflux. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can relax the esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux. 3. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase pressure on the stomach, causing acid reflux. 4. Certain foods: Certain foods, such as spicy or acidic foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol, can trigger acid reflux in some people. Symptoms: The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest that may be accompanied by a sour or bitter taste in the mouth. Other symptoms of acid reflux can include: 1. Regurgitation of food or acid into the mouth 2. Difficulty swallowing 3. Chest pain or discomfort 4. Chronic cough or hoarseness 5. Sore throat or throat clearing Treatment: The goal of treatment for acid reflux is to reduce the amount of stomach acid that flows back into the esophagus. Treatment options may include: 1. Lifestyle modifications: Making certain changes to your diet and lifestyle can help reduce symptoms of acid reflux. These changes may include losing weight, avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and avoiding lying down for at least three hours after eating. 2. Medications: Over-the-counter antacids, such as Tums or Rolaids, can help neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of acid reflux. Other medications, such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers, can help reduce the production of stomach acid. 3. Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be recommended for severe cases of acid reflux that do not respond to other treatments. Surgery can help strengthen the esophageal sphincter and prevent stomach acid from refluxing into the esophagus. In conclusion, acid reflux is a common condition that can cause a range of symptoms, including heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in rare cases, surgery. If you are experiencing symptoms of acid reflux, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for you.